CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background
currently, everyone difficulties to
finding jobs. Many scholars just became unemployed, higher education became
useless. desire to be able to meet the primary needs to be factors that lead
people to look for jobs. Unfortunately, the competition so tight in job
selection and many people who compete in finding a job makes many young
scholars who become unemployed or get less qualified jobs.
Behind a country that has a good and stable economy,
certainly there is the role of the entrepreneur. In other words,
entrepreneurship is a critical issue. Economic progress or setbacks of a nation
is determined by the existence and role of the entrepreneur group. Corporations
seek to encourage their managers to be the ones who spirited entrepreneur,
universities are developing programs entrepreneurhip and schools that made
the subjects of entrepreneurship into compulsory subjects.
Entrepreneurship is an important issue in the
economy of a developing nation. Peter
Drucker (1993) stated that the whole process of economic change in the end
hanging from those which gave rise to the change that is the
"entrepreneur".
Development success achieved by the State of Japan
apparently sponsored by the entrepreneur who amounted to 2% moderate, small
entrepreneurship as much as 20% of the total population. This is key to the
successful development of the State of Japan. Unfortunately, the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is still
small and their quality can’t be said to be
great to prop up the economy, so the issue of self-employment is a pressing
issue for the success of economic development in Indonesia.
According to the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS),
Total labor force in Indonesia in August 2012 reached 118.0 million people,
while the number of people who work in Indonesia in August 2012 reached 110.8
million people. It can be concluded that the Unemployment Rate (TPT) in
Indonesia in August 2012 reached 6.14 percent.
This fact is still a problem for the Indonesian
government. Government is considered not to be sufficient jobs for the
community. However, the actual unemployment rate can be reduced or eliminated
altogether by the courage of capital in creating jobs or entrepreneurial
activities. Unfortunately, interest in entrepreneurship in Indonesia is still
very low. Total of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is still at 1.56 percent rate of
the total population, are still far below other countries like Malaysia that
has been compared to 5 per cent, Singapore 7 percent, Japan 10 percent and the
United States has reached 11.7 percent (www.timlo.net).
People should know their responsibility entirely on
yourself. Thought that rely on government to create jobs to be eliminated. One
interesting alternative to solve the employment problem is to nurture and
instill interest in entrepreneurship in the society.
1.2.
Problem
From
the background, entrepreneurship can be concluded then able to raise the level
of sustainability of a country, then a country should be able to raise interest
in entrepreneurship in the population. Due to these reasons then this paper
focuses on the problem of what factors - factors which influence
entrepreneurship.
1.3.
Purpose
Purpose
of this paper is to provide information factors influence the interests of
entrepreneurial.
1.4.
Advantage
·
Helping develop science in the field of
management related to entrepreneurship
·
Can contribute ideas for government in
fostering entrepreneurial attitudes through education related to
self-employment as well as through non-formal activities.
·
Can contribute ideas for parties that
positive charge of employment.
·
As a reference for the community and the
government to develop new programs for the community that are interested in
entrepreneurial activities.
1.5. Approach
In this paper, the approach used the
study literature from books, article and journals that have published related
to the tittle.
CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION
2.2. Entrepreneurship
According to kuntowicaksono (2012), entrepreneur as the person who destroys the
existing economic order by introducing new products and services, by creating
new forms of organization, or by exploiting new raw materials.
In general, there are two
factors that affecting the entrepreneurial spirit that is:
·
internal factors
Boost in self and sourced from
needs: survival needs, socializing needs, spiritual needs, self-esteem and
actualization.
·
external factors
Encouragement from others such
as friends, wife / husband / family, neighbors / community and country.
2.3.
Goals
Many people who are interested in entrepreneurship
because of the attractive rewards. Benefits are categorized into 3 types:
·
profit, The most powerful motivation
because it is one way to sustain the company.
·
freedom, People want to be free of
oversight and bureaucracy / organization.
·
Life satisfaction, To reflect the
fulfillment of personal work.
2.4.
Advantage
Entrepreneurship
has four social benefits are:
·
Economic Growth. With entrepreneurship,
to create new jobs for the community.
·
Productivity. The ability to produce
more goods and services with labor and other inputs less.
·
Technology, New Products and Services.
Entrepreneurship plays an important role in advancing technological changes,
innovative products and services.
·
Changes in the Market. With
globalization will create new markets that previously did not receive the
attention of other entrepreneurs.
2.5.
Qualities That Should
to be An Entrepreneur
According Buchari
Alma (2010) in his book for students and general entrepreneurship there are
6 characteristics that need to be owned by an entrepreneur. However, if not all
owned it would not be a problem, with having most of it a part is enough. 6
characteristics that an entrepreneur should possess are:
·
Confident
·
task-oriented and results
·
Dare to take risks
·
Spirited leader
·
Prioritize originality
·
Creativity High
2.6.
Literature
Study
According to Aprilia Fitriany (2012)
factors that affect interest in entrepreneurship consists of two factors are :
·
Internal factors, which consists of
personality and motivation
·
External factors, which consist of
family encouragement, environmental, social and school environment.
According to Aditya Mahesha Dion (2012)
factors that affect interest in entrepreneurship among others:
·
The success in entrepreneurship
·
Tolerance of risk, an entrepreneur
should take the risk after he calculates the size of the risk borne by an
accurate estimate.
·
Freedom to work, in a survey of
small-scale business in 1991 showed that 38% of the people who left her job at
another company because they want to be the boss of the company's own.
According Benri Limbong (2010)
factors which influence entrepreneurship, among others:
·
Attitude independent, when someone has
the independent attitude, an attitude not want to depend on anyone, usually
attribute such drives someone to become entrepreneurs.
·
Knowledge, rendahya high level knowledge
of an influence the desire to be self-employment. A person who has high
knowledge are often reluctant to become an entrepreneur
·
Motivation, when desire emerges from the
liver and form a strong motivation or encouragement from within yourself, of
course will strengthen the desire to be a self-employment.
According hendro
(2011) factor - factor which supports someone to become an entrepreneur is
as follows:
·
Factor individual / personal, the
intention is to influence life experiences from childhood to adulthood, either
by the family or the environment.
·
Working atmosphere, a comfortable work
environment will not stimulate the person or his mind to become a businessman.
But on the contrary, an uncomfortable work environment would make someone pick
up the pace remedy become entrepreneurs.
·
The level of education, the higher the
education level, usually the smaller the effect on willingness to vote as a
businessman.
·
Personality, there are many personality
types, such as controller, advocator, analytic and facilitator. Type - the
type, controller type who tends to have a strong desire to become
entrepreneurs.
·
Achievement of education, the average
person who does not have a high achievement in education has a strong desire to
become entrepreneurs.
·
Encouragement family, the family plays
an important role to foster interest an
entrepreneurship, because the family acted as a private consultant,
coach and mentor.
·
Environment and socially, people say
when they want to be successful then it must associate with successful people,
the sentence is true.
·
Self esteem, one achieves a certain
position will affect the direction of his career. According to Maslow's theory,
after stimulation needs, food and shelter are met, then it needs to be achieved
next is self-esteem, which is to be appreciated again.
·
Necessity and circumstances, the
conditions created or that occurs as layoffs, pension and unemployment make
someone choose his way of life to become entrepreneurs.
CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSION
From the above it can be concluded that the factors
- factors that affect interest in entrepreneurship is divided into 2, namely:
1. Internal factors
The
internal factors consist of :
·
Personality, there
are many personality types, such as controller, advocator, analytic and
facilitator. Controller as a type of entrpreneurship.
·
Motivation, when
desire emerges from the liver and form a strong motivation or encouragement
from within yourself, of course will strengthen the desire to be a
self-employment.
·
Personal, the
intention is to influence life experiences from childhood to adulthood, either
by the family or the environment.
·
Self esteem, one
achieves a certain position will affect the direction of his career.
·
Independent attitude, when
someone has the independent attitude, an attitude not want to depend on anyone,
usually attribute such drives someone to become entrepreneurs.
2. External factors
As
for the external factors consist of :
·
Level of education, the
higher the education level, usually the smaller the effect on willingness to
vote as a businessman.
·
Family, the
family plays an important role to foster interest an
entrepreneurship, because the family acted as a private consultant,
coach and mentor.
·
Community
·
Intercourse
·
Working atmosphere, a
comfortable work environment will not stimulate the person or his mind to
become a businessman.
·
a state of necessity
CHAPTER 4
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